Earwax blockage happens when earwax builds up inside the ear canal or becomes too hard to clear naturally. Earwax, also called cerumen, is a natural substance produced by the body and is not necessarily harmful.
Under normal circumstances, earwax helps clean, coat and protect the ear canal. It can trap dust, dirt and other particles, while also helping to slow the growth of bacteria. In this sense, earwax is part of the ear’s natural defence system.
However, when too much earwax accumulates, becomes hardened, or cannot move out of the ear naturally, it may block the ear canal and affect hearing or cause discomfort. What feels like a blocked ear may sometimes be caused by earwax, but it may also be related to other ear conditions, so proper assessment is important.
Earwax blockage may cause earache, a feeling of fullness or blockage in the ear, or tinnitus, which refers to ringing or noises in the ear.
Some patients may also experience reduced hearing, dizziness, itchiness in the ear, or an unpleasant odour from the ear. If there is ear discharge, worsening pain or signs of infection, further medical attention may be needed.
However, earache, hearing loss or tinnitus does not always mean earwax buildup. These symptoms may also be related to middle ear infection, outer ear infection, eardrum problems or other ear conditions.
If you experience earache, hearing loss, tinnitus, dizziness, ear discharge, unpleasant odour, or suspect earwax blockage, it is advisable to consult a healthcare professional for proper ear examination.
Earwax removal is safest when performed by a healthcare professional. The ear canal and eardrum are delicate, so avoid inserting cotton buds, ear picks or other objects deep into the ear canal. This may push the wax deeper or injure the ear canal or eardrum.
If you have had ear surgery, have a perforated eardrum, or are experiencing ear pain or ear drainage, you should avoid trying to remove earwax yourself and seek medical advice.
For children, suspected earwax buildup should also be checked by a healthcare professional. Excess earwax can be safely removed during a clinic visit when necessary.
